Density Calculator
Mass, volume and density — solve for any one.
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Density is how much mass is packed into a given volume. Enter any two of mass, volume, and density and this calculator finds the third, converting freely between grams, kilograms, litres, and cubic metres.
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Density — The Quick Answer
Density equals mass divided by volume (ρ = m / V). Water has a density of about 1 g/cm³ (1000 kg/m³) at room temperature, which is why objects less dense than water float.
Shortcut
ρ = m ÷ V | m = ρ × V | V = m ÷ ρ
Densities of common materials
| Material | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|
| Air (20 °C) | 0.0012 | 1.2 |
| Ice | 0.917 | 917 |
| Water (20 °C) | 0.998 | 998 |
| Aluminium | 2.70 | 2,700 |
| Steel | 7.85 | 7,850 |
| Lead | 11.34 | 11,340 |
| Gold | 19.32 | 19,320 |
Density changes with temperature: most substances expand when heated, so their density falls. Water is unusual — it's most dense at about 4 °C, which is why ice floats.
How It Works
The Formula
One relationship, three rearrangements
Formula
ρ = m / V m = ρ × V V = m / ρ
Variables
Density
Mass per unit volume, usually in g/cm³ or kg/m³. One g/cm³ equals 1000 kg/m³.
Mass
How much matter the object contains, in grams, kilograms, or pounds.
Volume
The space the object occupies, in cm³, mL, litres, or cubic metres. Note 1 cm³ = 1 mL exactly.
Note: Because 1 cm³ = 1 mL and 1 m³ = 1000 L, density conversions between the metric units are just powers of ten — no awkward factors.
Last updated: October 6, 2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
How do I calculate density?
Divide mass by volume: ρ = m / V. If an object has a mass of 300 g and a volume of 100 cm³, its density is 300 ÷ 100 = 3 g/cm³.
What is the density of water?
Pure water at 4 °C is almost exactly 1 g/cm³ (1000 kg/m³); at room temperature it's about 0.998 g/cm³. That near-1 figure is why the gram was historically defined using water.
How do I find mass from density and volume?
Multiply them: m = ρ × V. For example, 5 cm³ of gold (19.32 g/cm³) has a mass of 5 × 19.32 = 96.6 g.
Does density depend on temperature?
Yes. Heating usually makes a substance expand, increasing its volume while mass stays the same, so density drops. Water is an exception near freezing — it reaches maximum density around 4 °C.